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5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

S. MARTIN. VELOUIPEDE.

(No Model.)

Patented Apr. 6, 1886.

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II I II WITNESSES 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

S. MARTIN. VELOGIPEDE.

Patented Apr. 6, 1886.

WITN ESSES wwz ognpher. wmm m. n c.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3. S. MARTIN. VELOGIPEDE.

(No Model.)

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INVENTOR WITNESSES M4? gww Jam f Mp (No Model.) 5 SheetsS11eet 4.

S, MARTIN.

VELOGIPEDE. No. 339,446. Patented Apr. 6, 1886.

WITNESSES llnirnn drn'rns Fn'rnnr @rrinn.

STEPHEN MARTIN, OF BIBGHFIELD ROAD, LOZELLS, NEAR BIRMINGHAM, COUNTY OFVAR- ICK, ENGLAND.

VELOCIPEDE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 339,446, dated April 6,1886.

Application tiled November 25, 1885.

Serial No. 183,934. (No model.) Patented in England December 16, 1884,No. 16,496, and

April 2, 1335, No. 4,156.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, STEPHEN llIAR/ITIN, a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain, residing at Birchfield Road, Lozells, near Firming ham, in thecounty of arwick, England, manager of works, have invented anImprovement in Velocipedes, for which I have re ceived two severalLetters Patent in Great Britain, No. 16,496, dated December 16,1884, andNo. 4,156, dated April 2,1885, and of which the following is aspecification.

My invention has reference to bicycles, tri cycles, and othervelocipcdes; and it consists, first, in a detachable crank, or in ameans of affixing the crank to its axis for the purpose of removal orotherwise, should the crank become twisted or distorted in shape, whichwould require to be removed for straightening or resetting; secondly, ina pedal-pin arrangement whereby the throw of the crank can be lengthenedor shortened to suit the requirements of the rider; thirdly, an improvedsafety'fork adjustment for the purpose of varying the angle or positionof the pedal-axis for the purpose of altering the distance betweensaddle or pedal-axis to suit the statn re of the rider. By such means,as hereinafter describetha machine can be varied to suit anyvelocipedist that may require to ride the machine, instead of having amachine built for his special height or proportions. Fourt-hly, inconstructing a yielding or compliant backbone, so that the hind wheel ofthe machine, to which it is applied, can pass over any irregularities onits road of traction without interfering with the comfort of the rider;fift-hly, a detachable handlebar, and, sixthly, an adjustable handle.

I will now proceed to describe'with reference to the accompanyingdrawings the manner in which the same is to be performed.

Figure 1 represents in front elevation a safety-bicycle provided withimprovements made according to my invention. The other figures representseparate and enlarged views or the principal parts of the machine-thatis Fig. 2 represents in front elevation the detachable crank with itsattachment end split or divided up the shank. Fig. 3 is the same, withthe split end in section, in order to exhibit the pin for drawingtogether the divided parts. Fig. 4 is a plan of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a likeview'as Fig. 4, with its grip end part in section; Fig. 6 is a plan ofthe pedal-pin arrangement with the pedal attached. Fig. 7 is a plan withthe pedal-pin shown in a different position, and Fig. 8 is a sideelevation of Fig. 6,w hile Fig. 9 is a side elevation of Fig. 7. Fig. 10shows in side elevation the swingingarin arrangement, which swivels orturns upon a joint-pin as a center. The said arm carries at its lowerextremity the crank-axis and chainwheel. Fig. 11 is a separate view ofthe upper part of the swinging arm or frame to show how the connectionis made between the fork termination and the swiveling end of the armcarried by it. Fig. 12 is a side elevation of Fig. 11, showing theconnection of the chain-wheel with the driving-axle. Fig. 13 shows aside elevation uponan enlarged scale of the joint part of the yieldingbackbone of the sat'ety-bicycle, Fig. 1. Fig. 14 is a part section ofthe joint and its connections. Fig. 15 is an end view of the same. Fig.16 is aback elevation of a bicycle pillar head, having a detachablehandle-bar, which latter is provided with adjustable handles, (one ofthem only shown.) Fig. 17 is a front elevation of the pillar-head, withthe handlebar and top or split part of bracket removed. Fig. 18 is anendview of the parts Fig. 17 with the split or detachable part of thebracket shown in section. In this arrangement the handlebar ispermanently attached to the top halfbracket. In Fig. 19 the handle-barand top portion of the bracket are separable. In this case the bar isprevented from rotating by a stud or projection on its under side of thebar. Fig. 20 is a section of one of the handles on the end of the bar,and Fig. 21 is an end View of the said handle and bar, the latter beingin section.

The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in theseveral figures of the drawings.

a is the detachable crank, and a a split or divided arm or shank. Thesplit of the said divided shank extends into an angular or lozengeshaped hole or grip-holding bush, a

in which a corresponding angular end, N, on 5 the pedal-axis b takes.

is a screw-pin passing through the partially-divided shank a", and whenthe said pin or the nut on the pin is screwed home the V angles of thegrip of the jaws formed by the [0 split are drawn forcibly upon the Vangles on the end of the pedal-axis, thereby firmly and securelyconnecting the two parts together.

To remove the pedal-axis from the crank it is only necessary to slackenthe drawing to pin or nut 0, when the angular grip is relaxed and theparts can be separated.

The pedal-pin arrangement for lengthening or shortening the throw ofSheet 3) consists of a cranked or eccentric 2o arm d. One end, 6?,carries the pedal-pin proper While the other end, (1, carriesafiat-sidedlump or stud, (Z and also ascrew-pin, d, the former of which takes intothe longitudinal s1ot-hole a of the crank ct. The affixing of the pedal-2 5 pin-crank formation is effected by ascrew-nut, (2. Thus when a shortthrow of the crank is required the pedal-pin end of the eccentric arm ofthe pedal'pin is moved up thearm of the crank proper with the flat-sidedlump d at the upper end of the slot a", as shown at dotted lines, Fig.8, and when the throw is required to be made greater than the traverseof the slot in the crank the eccentric pedalpin arrangement is turnedropnd in the re- 5 verse direction with the flat-sided lump or stud dresting at the bottom of the slot (0, as shown in the dotted lines, Fig.7 thus extending the pedal in both directions beyond the traverse of theslot in the crank. The extending upward and downward is a greatadvantage in obtaining a greater or less throw.

The adjustable fork (best. seen in Figs. 10, 11, and 12) consists of aswiveling or depending swing-arm, e, carrying at its lower extremity thecrank-axis b, crank a, bracketf, and

chain-wheel g, and also pedal it, while the upper end of the saidswiveling arm 6 is jointed upon a pin or fulcrum center, 6', and abovethe said swiveling center is a short arm, 6 carrying a pin or stud, 6*,which engagesin the slot 2' of the terminal end or quadrantarm i of thefork i. Thus by loosening the screw-nut e on the inside face of the forkterminationrl the swiveling arm 6 can be turned upon its 5 5fulcrum-center e" and then adjusted and after-- ward affixed in thedesired position by the lsci'ewing up of the screw-nut on the screwedend of the pin e that is, the arm 6 can be turned upon its fulcrumcenter into the position as represented in dotted lines, Fig. l, or intothe position as represented in dotted lines, Fig. 12thus enabling arider to lengthen or shorten the. distance between the saddle and thecrank or pedal axis by simply changing the angle of the depending arm 6,the radius being limited by the quadrantslot the crank-arm (see" When aperson short in stature or a person short in the leg requires to ride amachine which may possiblyhave been built fora person of largerproportions, he has only to loosen the nut on the pin carried by theshort arm 0 and change the angle ofthe said arm, as in the positionrepresented in Fig. 12, or into the position of the dotted lines, Fig.1, when the relative position of the pedal with respect to thesaddle-seat is thus changed, or,in other words, the distance between thesaddle-seat and the pedals diminished; but when a person of largerproportions requires to use the same machine, he has only to reaffix theswiveling arm in position, or to the required angle, as shown by thedotted lines, Fig. 12, when the machine is made to accommodate itself toaify particular height of velocipedist.

The movable or adjustable forked extension marked 6 may be adjusted tothe proper angle by a screw-pin passing through the short arm, with itsend swiveling into the fork, instead of the pin passinglaterally throughthe short arm and taking through a quadrant-slot, as described; andalthough I have described that the arm swivels for adjustment, yet thesaid adjustment may be effected without actually swiveling, by providingon the inner face of the joint of the arm an angular-sided boss,whichtakes into a similarly-shaped hole or bush in the boss of the forks, andwhich comes immediately opposite the axis of the driving-chain wheel.

The yielding or compliant backbone (shown at Figs. 1, 13, 14, and 15,)consists of ajointed forked end or termination near the hind wheel, inthe case ofa bicyclethat is, the backbone is divided or made in twoparts, the joint being at or near the fork carrying the hind wheel.

j is the backbone,k is the forked termination of the backbone, and Z isthe knuckle -joint by which the yielding connection is made.

an is a pillanbracket, affixed rigidly to the yielding part K. (Bestseen in Figs. 13 and 14.) The terminal end of this bracket is providedwith an eye, at, through which one end of a jointed rod, n, freelyslides. The other end of this rod is jointed at n and connected to thebackbone part j. The rod is also encircled by a coiled spring, 0, whichpermits or allows the jointed parts to yield on the machine coming incontact with any inequalities in its road oftraction, and also preventsor intercepts tremor or vibration traveling to the rider, when thebackbone and. fork part are made rigid, as is common with machines ofthe ordinary constructionthat is, should any inequalities or obstaclesbe presented to the Wheels of the machine, thejointed or dividedbackbone yields or gives to such inequalities by compressing the springwithout imparting any discomfort to the rider, and without jolting themachine,

brings the parts to their normal positions.

The application of a flexible or yielding as the reaction of the springIIO backbone, as last described, to tricycles and other velocipedes didots in no essential respect from its application to a bicycle ashereinbefore described.

In the detachable handle-bar and adjustable handle the bar-handlebracket, which is situated at the summit of the pillar-head 19, consistsof a barrel-like socket made in halves q q"; or, in other words, thesocket or braeketis divided longitudinally or in segments 9 q". Thelower segment or half, q, is made preferably solid or in one piece withthe head, and the front part of the said bracket is provided with asemicircular hollow or seat, giwherein the handle-bar "r rests and seatsitsel f, while the upper hal f, q, is made separate and detachable fromthe lower half. This upper half is also provided with asemicircnlarhollow or recess corresponding to that of the lower half, and which ismarked if. The handle-bar may be permanently attached within theupperseat or recess, or it may be separate or independent thereof, asiuFig. 19. The upper half-bracket has an eye or circular hole,q which isthreaded over and passed around the center screw-pin,

s,which fixes theneck-spindle of the backbone.

s is a lock nut which screws upon the screw-pin s when the upperhalfbracket is to be secured in position, as represented in Fig. 16.

ln attaching a handle-bar to a bicyclehead it is only necessary to placethe bar in the trough or seat q formed in the overhanging part of thelower bracket, and with the said bar the upper half-bracket, (f, isslipped over the screw-pin s, when by screwing home of the fly-nut s"the steering-bar is firmly aifixed to the pillar-head.

\Vhen the bar is made separate or unconnected with the upperhalf-bracket, as in Fig. 19, it is prevented from rotating or from beingdisplaced within its seat by a stud, 1 on the under side bar, '2",engaging with a hole, q, in the fixed bracket.

t t are the adjustable handles, which admit of being placed at anydesired angle (in a direction at right angle to the axis of the bar.) iis the socket of the said handle, partially divided, and t are lugs orextended ears,

through which a screw-pin, u, passes for the drawing together of thepartially divided socket, t, for the clipping or clamping of the handleto the bar in any position or at any desired angle. Thus,when theangular position of the handle is required to be changed, the screw-pina is loosened, which frees the grip of the partially-divided socket uponthe bar, and thereby allows the said handle to turn to the requiredposition, which is affixed and clamped rigidly to the bar by thescrewing up of the screw-nut; and, further, the handle is capable ofbeing adjusted longitudinally upon the bar, as represented in dottedlines, Fig. 16, in order to increase or diminish the distance betweenthe handles; or the,

socket of the handle may be affixed or adjusted upon the requisitehandle of the bar by a screw-pin or like expedient passing through anundivided socket and taking its purchase upon the bar, so as to rigidlyaffix the handle thereto.

c is a socket for simply filling up and giving finish to the terminalend of the bar.

Having thus described my invention. 1 claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. In a velocipede, the combination. with thedrivingaxle 6* and the fork i, having a slotted bracket at its lowerend,of the pedalcarrying arm I, pivoted to the shaft 6 and provided withthe short arm a and the screw 6', passing through said short arm and aslot, i said short arm being continued or extended above thedriving-axle 6 substantially as described.

2. In a velocipede, the combination, with a divided backbone consistingof the sections j is, jointed together at Z, of the 'rearwardlyprojeciingarm m, the rod a, secured to the said arm and hinged orpivoted to the section 3', and the spiral spring 0, coiled upon saidrod, substantially as described.

Signed this 3lst day of October, 1885.

STEPHEN MARTIN.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY SKERREIT, MILEs E. Huorrns,

Both of Birmingham.

SSQAMS 3

